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Key Insights From The Detroit Diesel 71 Series Inline (271, 371, 471, & 671 ) Manual Volume 1
October 24, 2024
Service Manual Insights For Detroit Diesel 271, 371, 471, and 671 Engines (Volume 1)
Introduction to Detroit Diesel Series 71 Inline Engines
The Detroit Diesel Series 71 engines have been a staple in various industries, renowned for their reliability, durability, and efficiency. These engines, available in different configurations like the 271, 371, 471, and 671 models, have powered everything from marine vessels to industrial equipment and commercial vehicles. Their legacy is built on delivering consistent performance under tough operating conditions, making them a trusted choice for operators worldwide.Â
Overview of Detroit Diesel’s Series 71 Inline Engines and Their Legacy (Covering Detroit Diesel 271, 371, 471, 671 Engines)
Detroit Diesel 671 Engines In A Tugboat
The Detroit Diesel Series 71 engines first entered production in 1938 and quickly became known for their versatility. Available in inline and V configurations, they became a popular choice for marine, industrial, and automotive applications. The 71 series earned a reputation for being highly durable, with engines often running for decades with proper maintenance. Their longevity, simplicity in design, and ease of repair have contributed to their lasting presence in the market, with many engines still in use today.Â
Below is a tour of a tugboat with a pair of Detroit Diesel 671 engines.
Explanation of the Two-Stroke Diesel Engine’s Unique Operation and Advantages
The Series 71 engines operate on a two-stroke diesel cycle, which differentiates them from the more common four-stroke engines. In a two-stroke engine, each piston completes a power cycle with two strokes: one compression stroke and one power stroke, compared to the four-stroke process that involves intake, compression, power, and exhaust.
One of the key components of the two-stroke operation is the scavenging process, where fresh air is forced into the cylinder by a blower to expel exhaust gases. This system allows the engine to produce power with each revolution of the crankshaft, leading to greater efficiency and higher power output for the engine size.
This is a picture of a Detroit Diesel 471 Blower. This is a key component for air intake that makes the 2-Cycle system possible.
Key Advantages of the Two-Stroke Design:
High Power-to-Weight Ratio: With power delivered every stroke, the Series 71 engines produce more power relative to their size and weight compared to four-stroke engines.
Simple Design: The lack of separate intake and exhaust strokes reduces the number of moving parts, making these engines simpler to maintain and repair.
Versatility: Series 71 engines have been widely used in diverse applications, including marine vessels, generators, and heavy equipment, thanks to their robust performance and adaptability to various environments.
Importance of Proper Maintenance for Optimal Engine Performance and Longevity
While the Detroit Diesel Series 71 engines are known for their durability, their longevity is highly dependent on regular maintenance. Due to the two-stroke design’s reliance on precise air and fuel management, keeping components like injectors, blowers, and exhaust systems in good working condition is critical to maintaining engine efficiency.
Below is a video of injectors and fuel lines being installed into a Detroit Diesel 671 Longblock.
Key areas of focus in maintenance include:
Fuel Injector Maintenance: Regular checks and adjustments are necessary to ensure proper fuel delivery and combustion, which directly affect power output and efficiency.
Air System Maintenance: Keeping the scavenging blower and air intake system clean ensures optimal air delivery for combustion, which is essential for maintaining power and preventing overheating.
Lubrication: Two-stroke engines consume oil as part of the combustion process, so regular checks of oil levels and quality are critical to preventing engine wear and extending component life.
Consistent maintenance and timely repairs not only enhance the engine’s performance but also prevent costly downtime and extend the overall life of the engine. Operators who follow the recommended service intervals and proper operating procedures often enjoy decades of reliable service from their Series 71 engines.
The Detroit Diesel Series 71 engine is composed of several critical components that work together to drive efficient combustion and ensure the engine’s performance. Below is an in-depth look at each of these components, their function, and how they contribute to the engine’s overall operation.
In the Detroit Diesel Series 71 engine, the air scavenging process is critical for maintaining efficient combustion, especially due to the engine’s two-stroke cycle. The blower plays a central role in ensuring that the engine receives a fresh charge of air while exhaust gases are expelled effectively.
2) Best Practices for Keeping Air Intake and Exhaust Systems Clean
The air intake and exhaust systems of the Detroit Diesel Series 71 engine play critical roles in maintaining efficient combustion and engine performance. These systems must be kept clean and free from obstructions to ensure optimal airflow into the engine and proper expulsion of exhaust gases. Regular maintenance of these components will help avoid power loss, excessive fuel consumption, and premature wear on engine parts.
3) Cleaning and Inspection Processes
Thorough cleaning and inspection of the engine components are essential for maintaining the overall health of the Detroit Diesel Series 71 engines. Over time, dirt, carbon, and debris can accumulate in critical areas, leading to reduced engine performance or mechanical failures if not addressed. Regular cleaning and careful inspections help ensure that components operate efficiently and prevent costly repairs.
4) Safe Cleaning Procedures
Proper cleaning of engine components is essential to ensure optimal performance and longevity of the Detroit Diesel Series 71 engine. Following safe cleaning procedures is key to avoiding damage to parts and reducing the risk of exposure to harmful chemicals. Different cleaning methods are suitable for different engine components, and it’s important to select the right technique and cleaning solution for each.
5) Critical Inspection Points
Routine inspection of key components in the Detroit Diesel Series 71 engine is essential to maintain engine efficiency and prevent costly breakdowns. Over time, engine parts are subjected to wear and tear, and early detection of problems can help avoid major failures. This section highlights the critical areas that must be closely inspected and provides guidelines on what to look for and how to measure component wear accurately.
6) Valve and Injector Maintenance
Proper maintenance of the valves and fuel injectors is essential for ensuring smooth engine operation and optimal combustion in the Detroit Diesel Series 71 engine. Both components play critical roles in managing the flow of air and fuel, controlling exhaust gases, and delivering precise fuel amounts to the combustion chamber. Regular inspection, cleaning, and adjustment of these parts are necessary to maintain engine performance, fuel efficiency, and prevent engine damage.
7) Checking Valve Clearance and Injector Timing
Regularly checking and adjusting the valve clearance and injector timing is critical for maintaining the optimal performance of the Detroit Diesel Series 71 engine. Proper adjustments ensure that the valves open and close at the correct times and that fuel is injected at the right moment, resulting in efficient combustion, reduced emissions, and better fuel economy. Neglecting these adjustments can lead to poor engine performance, increased fuel consumption, and potential engine damage.
8) Tools and Equipment
Working on the Detroit Diesel Series 71 engine requires a variety of specialized tools and equipment to ensure that all maintenance, adjustments, and repairs are performed accurately. Having the right tools on hand can make all the difference in ensuring engine performance, reducing downtime, and avoiding unnecessary damage to engine components.
9) Detailed Overhaul Process
The overhaul of the Detroit Diesel Series 71 engine is a complex but necessary process to restore the engine to its peak operating condition. Over time, engine components wear down, and an overhaul ensures that critical parts are inspected, repaired, or replaced as needed. This guide outlines the complete overhaul process, ensuring all vital steps are covered for engine longevity and performance.
10) Common Troubleshooting Tips
Even with regular maintenance, issues can arise in the Detroit Diesel Series 71 engine that may affect performance, fuel efficiency, or reliability. This section provides troubleshooting tips for diagnosing and resolving common problems in the engine. Identifying issues early and addressing them correctly can help avoid major engine failures and costly repairs.
Fuel lines are a critical part of the engine, and improper handling can lead to fuel spills, potential fire hazards, or injury from high-pressure fuel spray. Disassembling fuel lines requires extra caution and proper technique to avoid damaging sensitive components.
2) Exhaust Manifold
The exhaust manifold is responsible for collecting exhaust gases from the engine’s cylinders and directing them into the exhaust system. During disassembly, care must be taken to prevent damage to the manifold or cylinder head, as well as to avoid exposure to heat and harmful fumes.
3) Turbocharger (If Equipped)
The turbocharger is a high-performance component that boosts engine power by increasing the amount of air entering the combustion chamber. Turbochargers are delicate and can be damaged easily during disassembly if not handled properly. The removal process must be carried out with care to avoid damage to the impeller, bearings, or housing, which are critical to the turbo’s performance.
4) Throttle Controls
The throttle controls are an essential part of the engine’s operation, regulating the amount of fuel and air that enters the combustion chamber. Disassembling the throttle controls must be done carefully to avoid damage to sensitive linkages, springs, and cables. Proper removal is necessary during engine overhauls or when servicing the throttle components.
5) Starting Motor, Battery-Charging Generator, and Electrical Equipment
The starting motor, battery-charging generator (alternator), and electrical equipment are essential components that require careful disassembly to avoid damage and ensure safe handling of electrical systems. Here’s a detailed guide for safely removing and inspecting these components from the Detroit Diesel Series 71 engine.
6) Air Compressor (If Used)
The air compressor on the Detroit Diesel Series 71 engine is commonly used to supply compressed air for pneumatic systems such as air brakes or other accessories. Proper disassembly is critical to prevent damage to the compressor and ensure safety, especially when dealing with pressurized systems.
7) Radiator and Fan Guard or Heat Exchanger
The radiator, fan guard, and heat exchanger play crucial roles in maintaining the engine’s cooling system. These components must be removed carefully during maintenance or engine disassembly to prevent damage to the cooling system and ensure proper reassembly later. The radiator dissipates heat from the coolant, while the heat exchanger performs a similar role, particularly in marine applications.
8) Air Box Covers
The air box covers on the Detroit Diesel Series 71 engine are essential for managing airflow into the engine and keeping debris out of the air box passages. Removing these covers is necessary when performing deeper maintenance on the engine’s air system, blower, or cylinders. Proper disassembly ensures the air box passages remain clean and free from contaminants.
9) Cylinder Head and Valves
The cylinder head is one of the most critical components in the engine. It houses the valves and, in some cases, the injectors, and is responsible for controlling air intake, exhaust gases, and combustion pressure. Proper disassembly of the cylinder head and valves is essential for routine maintenance, repairs, or a full overhaul. This procedure must be done carefully to avoid damaging the head, valves, or block.
10) Governor Control Assembly
The governor control assembly regulates engine speed by managing the throttle and fuel delivery to maintain consistent RPMs. Proper disassembly of this component is essential for maintenance, troubleshooting, or overhaul of the engine’s governor system. Careful handling of the governor and its linkages is critical to avoid misalignment or damage to the assembly.
11) Water Pump and Coolant System Components (Freshwater and Raw Water Pumps)
In the Detroit Diesel Series 71 engine, the coolant system consists of two main types of pumps in marine applications: the freshwater pump and the raw water pump. The freshwater pump circulates coolant through the engine block, while the raw water pump brings seawater or external water to cool the engine’s heat exchanger or intercooler. Proper disassembly and maintenance of both pumps are crucial to ensure efficient engine cooling, especially in marine environments.
12) Blower
The blower plays a key role in the two-stroke cycle of the Detroit Diesel Series 71 engine by supplying air for combustion. Proper disassembly of the blower is essential for maintenance, repairs, or overhaul. Care must be taken to avoid damaging the blower housing, rotors, or drive system, which are critical for efficient engine operation.
13) Blower Drive Gear and Support Assembly
The blower drive gear and support assembly are responsible for driving the blower, ensuring that the proper amount of air is delivered to the engine for combustion. The drive gear and support must be carefully disassembled and inspected to maintain the efficiency and reliability of the engine’s air system. Disassembling this component involves working with precision gears, so care must be taken to prevent damage to the gear teeth and the support structure.
14) Camshaft and Balance Shaft
The camshaft and balance shaft are essential components for the proper timing and smooth operation of the Detroit Diesel Series 71 engine. The camshaft controls the opening and closing of the valves, while the balance shaft helps reduce engine vibrations. Proper disassembly of these components is crucial during maintenance, overhaul, or replacement. Careful handling of the camshaft and balance shaft is necessary to prevent damage to the lobes, bearings, or timing mechanism.
15) Flywheel and Flywheel Housing
The flywheel and flywheel housing are critical for the smooth operation of the Detroit Diesel Series 71 engine. The flywheel stores rotational energy and provides inertia to help maintain engine momentum, while the flywheel housing encloses and protects the flywheel assembly. Proper disassembly of these components is important during engine overhauls, clutch replacements, or other major maintenance procedures.
16) Oil System Components
The oil system in the Detroit Diesel Series 71 engine plays a critical role in lubricating, cooling, and cleaning the engine’s moving parts. The key components of the oil system include the oil pump, oil cooler, oil filter housing, and various lines and fittings. Proper disassembly of these components is essential for maintenance, overhaul, or troubleshooting oil system issues such as leaks or low oil pressure.
17) Cylinder Block End Plates
The cylinder block end plates are important components that seal the ends of the cylinder block, ensuring the integrity of the engine’s cooling and lubrication systems. Proper removal, inspection, and reinstallation of these plates are essential during engine overhauls or when addressing coolant or oil leaks. The end plates are often subjected to heat and pressure, making them susceptible to wear, warping, or corrosion over time.
18) Air Box Drains
The air box drains in the Detroit Diesel Series 71 engine serve the critical function of draining excess oil, fuel, and moisture from the air box area to prevent these fluids from entering the combustion chambers. Maintaining and cleaning the air box drains is essential to ensure efficient engine operation, prevent engine damage, and improve overall performance. Regular inspection and maintenance of these components help avoid contamination of the air system.
19) Engine Lifter Brackets
The engine lifter brackets are used to safely lift and support the Detroit Diesel Series 71 engine during removal, installation, or maintenance operations. These brackets are designed to provide secure mounting points for lifting equipment, such as hoists or cranes. Regular inspection and proper use of these brackets are essential to ensure the safety and stability of the engine during lifting.
20) Valve Rocker Cover
The valve rocker cover protects the valve train components, including the rocker arms, pushrods, and valves, from external contaminants while also containing the oil that lubricates these moving parts. Proper removal, inspection, and reinstallation of the valve rocker cover are essential to prevent oil leaks and ensure the smooth operation of the engine’s valve train. Routine maintenance of this component is important, especially if there are signs of oil leaks or other engine performance issues.
21) Turbocharger
The turbocharger is a critical component in boosting engine performance by forcing more air into the engine’s combustion chambers, increasing power output. Proper disassembly, inspection, and reassembly of the turbocharger are essential to maintain optimal engine performance and prevent damage to this high-performance part. Turbochargers are sensitive components, and improper handling can lead to damage of the impeller, bearings, or seals.
22) Air Cleaner
The air cleaner is an essential component of the engine’s air intake system, designed to filter out dirt, dust, and other contaminants from the air before it enters the engine. Proper maintenance of the air cleaner is crucial to prevent debris from entering the combustion chamber, which can cause damage and reduce engine performance. Regular inspection, cleaning, or replacement of the air cleaner ensures that the engine receives clean air, improving fuel efficiency and extending engine life.
23) Air Shutdown Housing
The air shutdown system is a critical safety feature on diesel engines that allows for an emergency shutdown by cutting off the air supply to the engine. This system is often used in situations where fuel shutoff alone is not enough to stop the engine, such as in runaway conditions. The air shutdown housing encloses the components of this system, and its proper maintenance ensures that the shutdown function works reliably when needed.
Detailed Guidance on How to Properly Reassemble Components
Proper reassembly is critical to ensuring the long-term performance and reliability of the Detroit Diesel Series 71 engine. Each component must be handled with care, thoroughly cleaned, inspected, and assembled according to manufacturer specifications to avoid issues such as leaks, improper seating, or part failure.
1. Cleanliness and Preparation
2. Component Inspection
3. Reassembling Fuel Lines
4. Reinstalling the Exhaust Manifold
5. Reassembling the Cylinder Head
The Importance of Following Torque Specifications
Comprehensive Torque Specifications
Overtightening and Undertightening
Final Checks
Recommended Sealants and Techniques to Prevent Leaks After Assembly
Safety is a top priority when working on diesel engines like the Detroit Diesel Series 71. Engine maintenance and repairs involve dealing with high-pressure systems, heavy machinery, and potentially hazardous materials. Following the correct safety protocols ensures not only the longevity of the equipment but also the well-being of the technicians performing the work.
Workplace Safety Best Practices
1. Use of Protective Gear
2. Safe Use of Tools
3. Preventing Accidental Engine Starts
4. Handling Hazardous Materials
5. Handling Asbestos in Older Gaskets
Diesel Fuel and Other Hazardous Materials
1. Steps to Handle Diesel Fuel Safely
2. Precautions When Cleaning Engine Parts with Chemicals
Explanation of Torque Specifications for Bolts, Nuts, and Studs to Ensure Proper Assembly
Torque specifications are vital for the correct assembly of the Detroit Diesel Series 71 engine. These specifications ensure that bolts, nuts, and studs are tightened to the precise levels necessary to maintain the structural integrity of the engine, while avoiding issues like over-tightening or under-tightening that could lead to component damage or failure.
Wear limits define the acceptable range of wear for engine components. Exceeding these limits can compromise the performance and reliability of the engine. Regular inspections and measurements of critical parts are essential to identify excessive wear before it leads to engine failure.
Measuring Critical Engine Parts for Wear
Cylinder Bores
Pistons and Rings
Crankshaft Journals
Bearing Clearances
Valve and Valve Seats
Camshaft Lobes and Lifters
Importance of Adhering to These Specifications to Prevent Engine Failures and Maintain Reliability
Strict adherence to torque specifications and wear limits is crucial to maintaining engine performance and reliability. Improper torque can lead to part misalignment, leaks, or even catastrophic engine failure, while ignoring wear limits can result in decreased efficiency, increased fuel consumption, and potential damage to other engine components.
Conclusion Of Summary Of Insights From Detroit Diesel 71 Inline Series Manual Volume One (Covering Detroit Diesel 271, 371, 471, & 671)
Maintaining the Detroit Diesel Series 71 engine is crucial for ensuring its long-term reliability and optimal performance. Regular maintenance, combined with careful adherence to torque specifications and wear limits, is essential to prevent engine failures, maximize efficiency, and extend the engine’s service life.
Importance of Regular Maintenance
Routine maintenance is the key to keeping the Series 71 engine running smoothly and preventing costly breakdowns. Over time, the engine’s moving parts experience wear and tear, especially under demanding conditions. By adhering to a consistent maintenance schedule, you can address potential issues before they lead to more significant problems. Benefits of regular maintenance include:
Enhanced Fuel Efficiency: A well-maintained engine operates at peak efficiency, reducing fuel consumption and lowering operating costs.
Prolonged Component Life: Monitoring wear limits and replacing worn parts at the appropriate intervals helps to avoid excessive wear and tear on other engine components, ensuring that the engine remains in good working condition for years to come.
Reduced Risk of Breakdown: Regular inspections and adjustments ensure that all engine parts are properly aligned and secured, minimizing the chance of a sudden breakdown.
By following these maintenance best practices, technicians can prevent unexpected downtime and extend the lifespan of their Detroit Diesel Series 71 engine, saving time and money in the long run.
Using Aftermarket Parts to Extend Engine Life
Since many genuine parts for the Detroit Diesel Series 71 engine are no longer available, relying on premium aftermarket parts from trusted suppliers like Diesel Pro Power is essential. These high-quality parts are engineered to meet or exceed the original specifications, offering a reliable solution to keep your engine running smoothly.
Quality and Reliability: Premium aftermarket parts from suppliers like Diesel Pro Power are built to strict standards, ensuring they provide a durable and reliable alternative to genuine parts.
Improved Availability: With genuine parts becoming scarce, aftermarket suppliers provide a broader range of available components, reducing downtime by offering parts that are ready for immediate replacement.
Extended Engine Life: By using well-made aftermarket parts, operators can continue to maintain their engines, ensuring that critical components are replaced when needed, thus extending the overall lifespan of the engine.
Relying on trusted aftermarket suppliers for high-quality parts allows operators to keep their engines in excellent working condition, even as genuine parts become difficult to source.
Maximizing the Lifespan of the Detroit Diesel Series 71 Engine
By adhering to a strict maintenance schedule and utilizing premium aftermarket parts, operators can significantly extend the life of their Detroit Diesel Series 71 engines. Consistent care not only helps prevent expensive repairs but also maintains the engine’s performance, fuel efficiency, and reliability.
Key takeaways for maintaining engine longevity:
Stick to Regular Maintenance: Perform routine checks, oil changes, and inspections of key components like pistons, valves, and cylinder bores.
Monitor Wear Limits: Regularly measure wear on critical components and replace parts when they exceed allowable limits to prevent further damage.
Use the Correct Tools: Always use the proper tools, such as torque wrenches, and follow the recommended torque specifications for accurate and safe assembly.
In conclusion, with regular maintenance and the use of high-quality aftermarket parts from suppliers like Diesel Pro Power, operators can ensure that their Detroit Diesel Series 71 engines remain reliable, efficient, and capable of providing years of dependable service.
At Diesel Pro Power, we provide a comprehensive range of aftermarket parts for the Detroit Diesel 271 engine, designed to enhance performance, reliability, and longevity. Our catalog includes:
Fresh Water Pumps for Detroit Diesel 271: These pumps keep your engine cool by circulating fresh water through the cooling system, crucial for long hours of operation.
Raw Water Pumps for Detroit Diesel 271: Essential for marine applications, these pumps draw seawater into the system to regulate engine temperature, preventing thermal damage.
Cylinder Heads for Detroit Diesel 271: Engineered to handle high pressures, these cylinder heads support efficient combustion and reliable power output.
Fuel Pumps for Detroit Diesel 271: Fuel pumps ensure optimal combustion by delivering fuel at the correct pressure, enhancing engine smoothness and fuel economy.
Injectors for Detroit Diesel 271: Precision-engineered injectors ensure fuel is delivered correctly to maximize power, efficiency, and reduce emissions.
Turbos for Detroit Diesel 271: Designed to boost airflow into the combustion chamber, turbos enhance power and efficiency, ideal for heavy-duty applications.
Crankshafts for Detroit Diesel 271: Our crankshafts convert engine power into rotational motion, ensuring reliable performance under demanding conditions.
Camshafts for Detroit Diesel 271:  These control the engine’s valve timing, crucial for efficient combustion and maintaining optimal performance.
Gaskets for Detroit Diesel 271: High-quality gaskets prevent leaks, maintain compression, and ensure overall engine efficiency and durability.
At Diesel Pro Power, we provide a comprehensive range of aftermarket parts for the Detroit Diesel 371 Non – Turbo (2 Valye Head Type) engine, designed to enhance performance, reliability, and longevity. Our catalog includes:
At Diesel Pro Power, we provide a comprehensive range of aftermarket parts for the Detroit Diesel 471 Non – Turbo (4Valye Head Type) , designed to enhance performance, reliability, and longevity. Our catalog includes:
At Diesel Pro Power, we provide a comprehensive range of aftermarket parts for the Detroit Diesel 471 Non – Turbo (2 Valye Head Type) , designed to enhance performance, reliability, and longevity. Our catalog includes:
Aftercooler For Detroit Diesel 471 Non – Turbo (2 Valye Head Type): Aftercooler is used to cool the compressed air before it enters the engine’s combustion chamber, enhancing combustion efficiency and improving overall engine performance by reducing the temperature of the air intake.
At Diesel Pro Power, we provide a comprehensive range of aftermarket parts for the Detroit Diesel 471 Non – Turbo (4 Valye Head Type) , designed to enhance performance, reliability, and longevity. Our catalog includes:
At Diesel Pro Power, we provide a comprehensive range of aftermarket parts for the Detroit Diesel 471 Non – Turbo (4 Valye Head Type) , designed to enhance performance, reliability, and longevity. Our catalog includes:
At Diesel Pro Power, we provide a comprehensive range of aftermarket parts for the Detroit Diesel 471 Turbo , designed to enhance performance, reliability, and longevity. Our catalog includes:
Fuel Pumps for Detroit Diesel 471 Turbo: Fuel pumps ensure optimal combustion by delivering fuel at the correct pressure, enhancing engine smoothness and fuel economy.
Injectors for Detroit Diesel 471 Turbo: Precision-engineered injectors ensure fuel is delivered correctly to maximize power, efficiency, and reduce emissions.
Turbos for Detroit Diesel 471 Turbo: Designed to boost airflow into the combustion chamber, turbos enhance power and efficiency, ideal for heavy-duty applications.
Gaskets for Detroit Diesel 471 Turbo: High-quality gaskets prevent leaks, maintain compression, and ensure overall engine efficiency and durability.
Parts Catalog for Detroit Diesel 671 Non – Turbo Marine Engine (2 Valye Head Type) :
At Diesel Pro Power, we provide a comprehensive range of aftermarket parts for the Detroit Diesel 671 Non – Turbo Marine Engine (2 Valye Head Type) , designed to enhance performance, reliability, and longevity. Our catalog includes:
Aftercooler For Detroit Diesel 671 Non – Turbo Marine Engine(2 Valye Head Type): Aftercooler is used to cool the compressed air before it enters the engine’s combustion chamber, enhancing combustion efficiency and improving overall engine performance by reducing the temperature of the air intake.